Of personality, perception and attitude Essay Example for Free

Of character, recognition and mentality Essay All references material has been refered to from the books the University of Wales online library. Some other web source cited is with the consent of the module coach. | NA| Are the references in the content in the correct organization as demonstrated in the â€Å"Guidelines to Writing Assignments†| Yes| Declaration: All material written in this task is my own and I have not utilized any material, substance or data of others guaranteeing them to be mine. Any place materials have been utilized, appropriate reference has been done in the content. I am completely mindful of the principles and guidelines administering unoriginality. Ought to anytime of time my work be suspected/explored and built up to have been counterfeited, I am mindful of the results. I have perused the Student’s Handbook in detail. ___________________ Signature of the studentDate: 24-08-2010 Introduction This task is managing the Development of character, discernments and mentality. This will assist with seeing how the utilizes and clients figuring, that causes us to settle on right choice and to build up our business. Additionally by this we can make our character and demeanor in the correct manner. Investigating a contextual analysis of â€Å"Sayyed’s† is additionally included for breaking down and examining his character and mentality in his specific lifetime. Clarified the significance of qualities and convictions in Organizational life and furthermore if the qualities/convictions can be changed is likewise remembered for this investigation. Mentalities in Organizational Life The significance of demeanor of the people in an association is enormous. A human asset administrator must have the option to recognize, order and shape perspectives beyond what many would consider possible. The representatives originate from various social and money related foundations. Regardless of whether two individuals have a place with a similar family, there can be a major distinction between their mentalities. The manner in which an individual plays out an undertaking may contrast as indicated by the kind of disposition he has. What is disposition? As a matter of first importance, let us attempt to comprehend the significance of disposition in an individual’s individual life. A demeanor implies a constructive or an adverse assessment of some item †a thing, an individual, a spot or a domain. An individual can be conflicted towards an item by having both a negative and uplifting disposition. It is absolutely upto the person to choose what his demeanor towards life should. There is likewise scope for change in mentalities. The correct sort of learning at an early age can prompt huge changes in mentalities. For an individual to be fruitful in his own and open life he ought to embrace the most adjusted disposition: positive at the correct time and negative at others. In an association as well, the employee’s mentality is significant. Contrasted with one’s individual life, a representative needs to interface with numerous different workers to accomplish a hierarchical objective. On the off chance that, for instance, a representative who works in a café has a negative disposition towards selling caffeinated drinks and keeping in mind that others are firmly strong of it, he may have superfluous aftermath with them. Perspectives can be changed utilizing two apparatuses: Education and Experience. The premise of this announcement is that our mentalities depend on a ‘belief’. We shape our convictions throughout our lives and we may become one-sided against something because of this conviction. Exploration recommends that mentalities can be changed by directing and adjusting conduct. On the off chance that representatives of an association are made to more than once welcome their clients with a grin, the workers may to be sure imagine that being well disposed with clients is significant. Through training, representatives can be cautioned of their negative mentalities and the correct perspectives to be followed in a circumstance. Representatives can likewise be furnished with mentality changing involvement in which they can think in another and positive manner. The reality about an authoritative life is that, there are rules which are set down in an association which must be followed. Under such a situation, a worker will put forth an unequivocal attempt to change his demeanor at some point or another, rather than enduring results. On account of Sayyed, it is very apparent how his mentalities towards specific articles like his folks and training took a circling turn because of different occasions throughout his life. He was a lot of joined to his mom at an extremely youthful age. Be that as it may, his inability to get past clinical passage in Poona, sent him spiraling into a circumstance of lack of care and self derision. He began detesting his folks for not having cash to get him a seat in a clinical school. He began battling with them and began requesting cash unendingly. He needed to escape from reality that solitary he was to be accused for his disappointment. His demeanor towards training too experienced numerous progressions because of different disappointments and dissatisfactions throughout everyday life. He was presented to an alternate climate when his dad improved occupation in Poona. In spite of the fact that their family could bear the cost of little extravagances like films in the end of the week, his dad constrained him to consider. Sayyed deliberately quit concentrating in counter to his dad. Further on, his terrible exhibition in his S. S. C. Tests drove in breaking his self image, and for an exceptionally prolonged stretch of time he had a uninterested mentality towards instruction. Significance of Values in an Organization Compared to perspectives, values are somewhat more consistent. It is something we gain at an extremely youthful age and we go to convey it on all through the remainder of our lives. It is normally something instructed to us by our folks, our older folks, our educators, our otherworldly pioneers or some significant involvement with life. Qualities may relate to companionship, helping other people, difficult work, genuineness, preservation of cash, cordiality and so on. All our everyday choices are focused on our qualities and convictions. Our perspectives are likewise formed by our qualities and convictions. What precisely are our qualities and for what reason would they say they are so noteworthy in an association? Qualities are standards, norms, or characteristics you think about beneficial or alluring. Qualities will shift enormously from individual to individual since they rely upon one’s individual judgment. They are the establishment of quite a bit of our psycho-social cosmetics. Why we act the manner in which we do, why we talk the manner in which we do and why we respond the manner in which we do is all dependant on our qualities. Our connections, our decisions, our practices are completely formed by these qualities. Despite the fact that these are undetectable to us, these still influence each part of our life. An association also has a lot of qualities, which are generally a conspicuous piece in its promoting or publicizing content. At the outside, these qualities may appear to be philanthropic, however in all actuality the association may divert these qualities over and over for individual advantage. Indeed, even at a littler level, which is at the degree of a representative, values guarantee a significant job. It chooses how the representative functions, takes choices and measures achievement. Hierarchical qualities build up gauges of conduct, which serve to energize or dishearten certain practices. At the end of the day hierarchical qualities help individuals to distinguish needs at work environment. Explicitly stating the qualities is significant and progressively significant is to make basic comprehension of the qualities in the association. Pioneers should plainly impart why the worth is significant for accomplishment of objectives. The philosophy explanation unmistakably explains organization’s obligation towards every one of the partner. In Sayyed’s case, we might have the option to a center arrangement of qualities that has helped him settle on decisions and take choice in his life. A ton of his choices and his general viewpoint depended on a little occurrence in his adolescence, the one about the Californian grapes. This occurrence drove him to comprehend the significance of difficult work. This likewise made him offer need to being effective and popular. It caused him to feel that setting off to the US was significant for a man’s achievement. His definitive focus on an all-encompassing time of his life was to go to the US, however he never made it. He never perceived the play of karma or chance in his life. A great deal of episodes happened not because of his own doing. Neglecting to perceive this, he accused himself and the individuals around him for the results. Swimming in the failure, he never made an endeavor to revaluate his life or to remain back again. In any case, the youth estimations of difficult work and achievement were constantly covered in his mind. These qualities jumped up when he joined for B. Sc, thus in the wake of confronting a disappointment in Poona. He got his affirmation in XLRI, yet was dismissed confirmation in UCLA, California. At that point, he had increased some passionate development to comprehend this was a huge achievement and not a disappointment. Different Theory of Personality The more we comprehend about character, the better ready to judge what spurs individuals and our self. The more we comprehend about our own character and that of others, the better ready to acknowledge how others see you, and how they respond to your own character and style. Utilized fittingly, psychometrics and character tests can be gigantically advantageous in improving information on self and others inspirations, qualities, shortcomings, favored reasoning and working styles, and furthermore qualities and favored styles for correspondences, learning, the executives, being overseen, and group working. The capacity to adjust or bring into play distinctive individual styles in light of various circumstances is ostensibly the most remarkable ability that anybody can have. Understanding character models, for example, the Four Temperaments is in this manner of direct assistance in accomplishing such close to home mindfulness and versatility. Understanding character causes you perceive conduct and type in others and yourself. Perceiving conduct is an undeniable pre-essential for adjusting conduct in yourself, and in helping other people to adjust as well. The Four Temperaments; otherwise called the Four Humors, is que

Institutional Pressures and HRM †Free Assignment Solution

Question: Portray about the Institutional Pressures and HRM? Answer: Presentation In the past Human Resource Management was considered as an auxiliary capacity in the association. With time, associations have extended in various pieces of the world and HRM has developed as a basic authoritative capacity. The job of HR directors have likewise advanced from a responsive job to proactive job. Today, it is normal that HR administrators would have the option to bring transformational change in the association (Pochet, 2011). This time is showcase with high rivalry and associations have understood that their workers is their greatest resource. The job of HR directors is to guarantee that associations can get and can hold best of the ability. It very well may be said that in todays world, HR supervisors are the administrators that accomplish operational work as well as need to display suspected initiative in the association. In this period of globalization, worldwide associations have extended in various pieces of the world. Today, organizations like Microsoft; Walmart needs to work in various societies. The organizations like Google and Facebook have their essence in pretty much all aspects of the world. There are sure culturally diverse issues that emerges in multicultural condition. It is the job of HR chiefs to guarantee that social issues could be settled. Today, HR supervisors are likewise engaged with key nature of the business (Taplin, 2013). The job of HR chiefs has advanced from operational work to key work. In todays world, there exists a solid reconciliation with Human Resource Management and other center association work like Marketing and Finance. Associations have understood that in the end the administration is about People the board and the individuals can assist associations with developing and develop. The target of this paper is to talk about and investigate different jobs of a Human Resource Function and its experts. Investigation With an adjustment in time, associations have changed, associations capacities have developed, and HRM work has likewise changed. In this manner, the time requests that the conventional capacity of HR capacity ought to likewise be changed. The customary underlying foundations of HR directors could be followed back to the time of worker's guilds. In current time, worker's organizations capacities has likewise changed. It would be acceptable if worker's guilds can work and perform alongside key HRM work in an association (Dunn, 2009). Individuals may have the sentiment that HRM is a corrective capacity yet it tends to be said that HRM is a solid capacity and with time, this capacity has advanced. Today, HRM isn't just a help work in the association and HRM work is unquestionably more than individuals the board. It very well may be said that foundation of HRM rehearses in a conventional manner have certainly help to deal with representative complaints. With the expansion center around HRM as a basic hierarchical capacity the worker efficiency and representative inspiration has gone high. Today, a large portion of the associations have been concentrating on lattice association structure. In this hierarchical structure, representatives regularly have business supervisors and HR chiefs. (Valle, 2008) featured that the job of HR administrators is to guarantee that representatives stay propelled and the issues of worker could be settled right away. The HR directors need to play out the customary job of enrollment, worker relationship, pay and benefits and simultaneously HR, supervisors need to play out the job of authority in the association (Meardi, 2012). A portion of the shifting job of Human Resource Function and its professionals can be examined as: Conventional jobs of HR work These eventual the most essential jobs of HR administrators. It is accepted that one of the most significant and fundamental capacity or job of HR directors is enlistment. HR administrators are required to oversee inside workers. Customarily, HR work is considered as an interior capacity just with the emphasis on representative complaints and representatives issues. HR administrators additionally need to plan the pay bundles of workers. In an association, setting the pay structure is created by HR supervisors just (Messersmith, 2012). The job of HR chiefs would likewise incorporate preparing and advancement. The workers would look towards HR directors to get preparing. It is significant that Human Resource director ought to guarantee that each new representative of the organization gets preparing. Consistence with work and business laws is another basic HR work. Resistance can bring about work environment objections dependent on uncalled for business rehearses, dangerous working conditions and general disappointment with working conditions that can influence efficiency and eventually, benefit. The conventional job of HR administrators would likewise incorporate representative commitment and worker relationship. In a few cases, HR directors likewise need to go about as coach for new workers (Guthrie, 2010). It is the job of HR directors to guarantee that new workers can break the ice with existing representatives. It is important that HR directors ought to have great connection with representatives as workers anticipates HR supervisors as a guide. It is additionally that HR supervisors should attempt to overcome any issues between representatives desires and the executives impression of workers desires. It would not be a misrepresentation to state that the job of HR administrators is to go about as layer among workers and the board. HR chiefs need to guarantee that any grinding ought not separate administration and representatives. As talked about over the conventional job of HR chiefs would include: Administration arrangement job: The representatives are the interior clients for HR chiefs and they need to guarantee that all the requirements of worker could be meet. Direction and exhortation: HR administrators are the primary purpose of contact for workers and it is obligation of HR supervisors to guide and counsel the representatives at each progression. HR administrators in multicultural condition HR administrators need to deal with the workforce in local district as well as in universal market. To the extent the consistence with nearby laws is thought of, MNCs need to follow the neighborhood laws at place. It is significant that MNCs ought to cling to the neighborhood laws when they are venturing into different nations. The job of HR chiefs is to assist associations with complying with the nearby law (Boselie, 2009). To the extent the matter of separation is thought of, it tends to be said that MNCs ought to embrace hostile to segregation approaches in the work place. Under no conditions, MNCs ought to permit the separation of laborers. Truth be told, MNCs can likewise have the tie up with government authorities of nations so as to build up a reasonable and simply work culture. It is a job of HR supervisors to guarantee that associations ought not be separating workers in any of the structure, purposely or unwittingly. Some time ago organizations used to work just in residential limits, anyway with the rush of internet business organizations have extended well past local limits. It is basic for organizations to comprehend the nearby culture of outside nation. In this plan of action, additionally the organizations need to incorporate with nearby providers and appropriation channels. Basically, coordination is one such thing that can't be kept away from (Ceulemans, 2014). It is better that organizations can understand that social contrasts would exists and individuals need to perform in the midst of these distinctions. Indeed, these distinctions could be taken as a positive clash of brain. Associations should attempt to get positive things from these distinctions. Individuals should regard the perspectives on others and they ought to comprehend the way of life of different representatives. Individuals or representatives ought to tend to take in great propensities from different societies. This won't be conceivable except if individuals leave the sentiment of independence (Mitchell, 2013). It is the job of HR administrators to guarantee that representatives can leave the sentiment of independence and workers can work with individuals from various societies. It is the duty of HR chiefs to guarantee that a decent degree of reconciliation is accomplished among all the business capacities. The above conversation would feature that HR directors need to play the job of Colleague: It is the job of HR figure out how to guarantee that nothing new isn't getting influenced because of progress in inner condition of the organization. Tactician job: It is the job of HR supervisor to take part in the advancement of the significant level procedure of the organization. Equivalent open door for all representatives: One of the most significant targets for associations is to guarantee that separation at work spot could be maintained a strategic distance from out and out. It is significant that associations should set solid gauges so as to maintain a strategic distance from segregation at work environment. Separation should be possible based on sexual orientation, religion, station, social culture and so on. (Hirsh Kornrich , 2008) referenced that separation at work place is an issue for little associations as well as for huge associations. There are different enactments set up that guarantees that businesses ought not receive segregation exercises. The measures and approaches to maintain a strategic distance from segregation can be stayed away from by and large just when all the representatives neutralizes separation with the help of HR directors. HR supervisors need to understand that segregation would consistently change its tendency and it is practically difficult to desert the separation. Segregation could be thought of as something that would simply change its tendency. The old type of separation would go out and new structures would rise. Sometime in the past segregation was about white and dark, however it despite everything exists today. In the present time, better approaches for segregation have risen, for example, separation dependent on relational aptitudes, segregation dependent on looks and so forth. The time isn't far when segregation would likewise have parcel different parameters, for example, innovation. The focal point of associations is to dispose of the negative pixie

Job Description

Job Description Job Description Home›Descriptive Posts›Job Description Descriptive PostsJob Description â€" International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)Title: Human Resource ManagerReports to:  Chief Executive Officer, New YorkBased at:  International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), New YorkJob purpose:To plan and execute human resource management duties and responsibilities, in order to uphold and advance human resources’ effectiveness in the organization according to established corporate policies.Key Responsibilities and AccountabilitiesPlan, develop and execute human resource management and development strategy: comprising of wages and conditions, discipline, selection and employment procedure, complaint, training, counseling, contracts, development, motivation, contracts, counseling, quality management, culture development, performance evaluationsCreate and maintain and suitable methods for gauging essential features of Human resource growth in the organizationObserve, gauge an d report on Human Resource matters, chances and development strategies and attainments within approved set-ups and periodsDevelop and manage direct reporting workers, and ensure diversity and cultural development among employees in the businessControl and manage departmental expenses within approved budgets of the organizationLink with other departmental managers in order to comprehend all essential facets and requirements of human resource development, and to make certain they are completely well-versed with HR aims, purposes and accomplishmentsUphold consciousness and understanding of present human growth theory and approaches and offer appropriate explanation to managers, directors and personnel within the businessAssist in the assessment and improvement of human resource plan and routine in collaboration with the managerial team of the companyEnsure actions meet with and incorporate with organizational necessities for excellent organization, fitness and safety, lawful conditions , environmental strategies and overall responsibility of maintenance in within the companyPerform the tasks of a business administrator in accordance with legal and moral valuesCollaborate with other relevant departments in order to organize seminars and conferences on human resource development in the organizationOversee employment processes in the organization by going through the applications, shortlisting and preparing for interviews and correspondenceAdvise the organizational departments on employment rules and regulations and occasional salary reviews and adjustments in the companyCounsel workers in the organization in accordance with various issues at hand in the organizationEnsure quality management of business and effective motivation of the employees in the business towards excellent performanceRequirementsPossess a Bachelor’s degree in Human Resource Management, Business Administration or any other related fieldShould have a post graduate degree or Master’s degree in Human Resource, Business Administration or any other related field.should have minimum experience of 5 years in a similar positionGood communication and leadership skillsInnovative and team building skillsHave excellent computer skillsHave fluent working languages English, FrenchShould demonstrate high level of commitment and corporationCapable of working independently under minimum supervisionHave integrity and hard workPossess excellent analytical thinking skillsShould be capable of taking initiativeShould have excellent performanceShould have customer attentionHave excellent knowledge on business laws and regulationsDate and other relevant internal referencesThose who meet the above requirements and qualifications should submit their applications, with relevant testimonials and salary expectations online before July 1, 2011. Applications are done online through the following e-mail address; intbusmco@ibn.us.orgDate posted: 22nd May, 2011Deadline: 1st July, 2011Part 2: CommentsEqu al Employment Opportunity (EEO) is an initiative that ensures that employment by organizations is done equally to all groups of people regardless of their racial, religious, gender abilities and political affiliations. Many organizations today have incorporated the initiative in their systems; hence making employment fair and diverse. Nonetheless, there are certain challenges associated with Equal Employment Opportunity.To start with, the initiative encourages discrimination against certain groups in the workplace. For example, sometimes, the physically handicapped are looked down in the workforce. This happens when duties and responsibilities are being shared in the organization, as the physically challenged are assigned light duties since they are underestimated. Female workers are also limited to lower positions as they are seen as incapable of carrying out sophisticated tasks. Moreover, female workers are looked down upon to an extent that they are sexually harassed by the senio r members who perceive them as sexual objects.Equal Employment Opportunity also poses a challenge to an organization as it forces it to hire certain group of people. The consideration given to diversity and equality makes an organization hire unqualified staff at the expense of the competent ones. For that reason, the organization will perform ineffectively due to incompetent workforce. What is more, people still face racism in foreign countries as they are lowly regarded. Although the policy is meant to control racism work places, immigrants and foreigners are discriminated in new counties. In fact some are denied job opportunities or given inferior opportunities in various organizations. Furthermore, those who get employment chances in foreign countries are segregated by the natives. In fact, there are certain places that are only occupied by the immigrants, and face challenging economic times because of the high costs of living in the foreign countries.In conclusion, although it was aimed at eradicating of discrimination during employment process, the Equal Employment Opportunity policy poses certain challenges to organizations. Therefore, there is need to revisit the policy so as to reduce the challenges associated with it. As a result, the organizations will realize effectiveness and improved business performance.

Customer Service An Important Part Of Business - 1124 Words

1. Introduction Customer service has become an important part of business for a number of reasons. Nowadays, customers have numerous choice of selection where they will buy product/ service based on their needs; therefore customer service is importance to build up customers’ loyalty and their returns. It is difficult for any organisation survive without customer service as there are no one to create connection between organisations and customers, handle payments or answer questions from prospective customers. Social media customer service grows fasted and strongest in customer service department. The strategy is not only answer questions and complaining from customers by using social media network; such as Facebook, Tweeter, Youtube, Blog, but also to create a strong faster connection between organisation and customers. According to the recent Social Media Customer Service Report conducted by TNS, surveyed more than 1,000 UK consumers and found that 57% of consumers preferred to search online to solve their customer issues then using traditional ways to interact with customer service department such as calling or email. Some in respond to this social customer service trends, some companies quickly create their pages for social customer service on Facebook, Tweet as well as the resources to be quickly and efficiently respond to customers. Online fashion companies is a leader in provide online customer service; for example, ASOS, Zara, Boohoo, they provide their Facebook,Show MoreRelatedAbstract:. With The Development Of The Business, The Competitive1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthe development of the business, the competitive between the company is become more and more fierce. 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The number and frequencies of a customer are dependent on the quality of goods they get from your business while in the service industry, it is all about good customer service. Good management of customer service leads to customer loyalty. The management of good customer service involves the following; Making the qualityRead MoreImproving Customer Complaints, Feedback And Questions928 Words   |  4 Pagesstructure and procedure for solving customer complaints, feedback and questions. Structure is important because it generates more coherence and confidence within the department, which in turn will help result in better customer service. If your employees are fully aware of the procedure then they don’t need to worry about what to do next. Coherence is essential because today’s customers aren’t going to enjoy having to wait a reply. Many expect a customer service query to be resolved within 24 hoursRead MoreEssay about Customer Relationship Management687 Words   |  3 Pages As a Business Administration major I have learned there are several different components that make up a successful business, and it is important that everyone work together to achieve a common goal. The ultimate goal of most companies is to create a product or service that will gain a place in the market and stay there. Customer relationships are the most important factor for companies to consider when aiming toward success. What can companies do to improve customer relationships? ImprovingRead MoreCustomer Service1186 Words   |  5 Pagessome companies aim to look after their customers well, ensuring that the customer is at the heart of their business and everything they do. In marketing terms this is called being customer focused. It is important to realise that customers can take their business anywhere they want to and if they are not satisfied they will take their business elsewhere. Therefore, it is very important to understand who our customers are, their expectations of the service they experience and how that effects future

Feminism and the Marxist Theory in the Hunger Games

Title Annually in the country once known as North America, the nation of Panem uses their dictatorship, they call the Capitol to rule over the twelve districts they have created. The Districts have all had major revolts, as a response to these rebellions the government of the Capitol has enacted a cruel intimidation tactic called The Hunger Games. It is a violent event televised nationally throughout all of the districts where a male and female from each district is picked as a Tribute. These Tributes must fight each other to the death and only one survivor will remain. The Hunger Games is the governments approach of displaying the amount of power they posses over the demoralized people of the twelve districts. The character of†¦show more content†¦This is a falsehood, not everyone can be rich, because as a capitalist regime that America runs under that there will be inequality this includes poverty. â€Å"A Capitalist society is divided into classes that are defined by the place each class occupies in relation to the production of goods for sale. Owners and investors possess accumulated wealth or capital that allows them to control the production of goods, while workers, because they have no accumulated wealth or capital, must give over their lives to labor in order to survive.† (Ryan 59) â€Å"Capitalism is defied by the investment of accumulated wealth in production that exploits workers, extracts value from their labor, and turns it into profit and more wealth for capitalist, causing societies to clash between those who own wealth and the means of manufacturing goods and those who own nothing but their labor power and must sacrifice their lives to the making of wealth for others in order to survive.† (Ryan 60-61) The Marxist Theory is the struggle between social classes within a society. Capitalism is the exploitation of the working class. The working class has many issues such as shortcomings on food, shelter, and clothing things that us as Americans would take for granite. Those who weren’t a part of the working class were divulged in the finer things that life had to offer, from elaborately colorful clothing to gourmet food. This movie is set in a social environment thatShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction and adventure film, based on the novel written by Suzanne Collins, which explores concepts of Marxism and numerous aspects of its principles through the dystopian world of Panem. The Hunger Games follows Marxist theories on bourgeoisie and proletariat class structure as well as capitalist production and the distribution of good. Thelma and Louise, a 1991 film directed by Ridley Scott, is often referre d to by critics as â€Å"the ultimate feminist film†. This filmRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmacrostructural conditions shape migratory flows and shift destinations, see Moya, Cousins and Strangers, 80–88. 56. For critiques of national perspectives, see Hasia Diner, â€Å"History and the Study of Immigration: Narratives of the Particular,† in Migration Theory: Talking across Disciplines, ed. Caroline Brettell and James Hollifield (New York: Routledge, 2000), 27–42; Donna Gabaccia, â€Å"Is Everywhere Nowhere? Nomads, Nations, and the Immigrant Paradigm of United States History,† Journal of American History

Lifelong Learning Free Essays

Lifelong Learning Phetric H. Jones Grand Canyon University Educating the Exceptional Learner SPE 226 Star Smith March 10, 2013 There are many different procedures that students with disabilities must go through. Each procedure is a different step in making sure that these students have the necessary tools to promote lifelong learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifelong Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Early Intervention is a process used to service students who might be at risk of not reaching or maintaining at academic grade level. Students receive services that are designed for their special need. This program ensures that students are given an equal chance at receiving the best education that is right for them. One of the first steps that must be done is diagnosing what the developmental disability might be. A developmental disability means that a child is delayed in some area of development (Overview of Early, 2012). A developmental disability can occur in one of five areas, cognitive, physical, communication, social or emotional and adaptive. An example of developmental disability could be a language delay. This would mean that the child has problems processing information. This process could be either receptive or excessive. Another disability would be autism. A student that has autism has problems with communication or socialization. Some of these disabilities are diagnosed early in life from birth to age 2, while others are not noticed or diagnosed until they reach school during the ages of 3 to 5. Once the developmental disability is diagnosed then the next step can begin. Early intervention is a system of services that helps babies and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities (Overview of Early, 2012). Once a child enters schools they are set up on an Individualized Education Plan. However before a student can be set up on an IEP, it must be determined if they qualify for special education services or not. If it is determined that the student is eligible for services then the team of professionals including the general education teacher and special educator teachers get together to devise an educational plan that will best help the student. An IEP or Individualized Education Plan is a set of written plans developed by the special education team with input from the parent and specifies the student’s academic goals and the methods used to reach this goal (Individualized Education Plan, 2013). Things that might be included in an IEP could be that a student be given frequent breaks, extra time or information could be read to them. An IEP also identify things such as transitional arrangement as well as provide a focus for student’s learning and specific timeframes (Individualized Education Plan, 2013). Each student is different therefore making each IEP different as well. Just like with any other assessment, there are many strengths and weaknesses to assessments and interventions used in special education. Some of the assessments that are used in special education are screening test, adaptive behavior scales, individual academic achievement test, curriculum based test, test given at the end of a chapter and even standardized test. Some of these assessments use different data sources. These sources can be from observations, reports from parents or students, progress monitoring or response-to-intervention (RTI). One of the main strengths is that with these assessments the teacher can create lessons that are tailored to the needs of the student. Also, assessments helps to give them an early initiative into academic success. The weakness is that these assessments cannot pinpoint very specific curriculum needs (Mooney, 2013). The assessments are too broad they just provide an overview. Also, they can restrict opportunities for these students by denying them access to private or charter school and even certain enrichment programs. There are many transitional programs for students with special needs. These services are used to prepare children as they enter into the world of adulthood. One program that is available in Fayette County is Bridging the Gap to Success. This program provides schools the necessary infrastructure needed to provide transitional services to students with intense training and transition. Youthood. org is an online program that helps students decide what they want to do when they get older. Also, Start Early focuses on preparing and elementary and middle students for their transition to post-school activities (Dragoo, 2013). The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities formerly known as National Information Center for Handicapped Children and Youth (NICHCY) is a national information resource center that will provide information on different transitional programs. Families and older students can always check with their state’s transition coordinator to see what other programs are available. People expect for these programs to help, guide and assist them into the next area of their life. That step can be to the next grade level or into the world of adulthood. The key is for each process to be as simple and easy as possible. Each student should be able to transition from one process to another with no problem. This helps people to adjust in a timely manner. No matter what type of special need a student has, there are always programs and services available to assist with learning. Teachers must work together to provide meaningful information that will help these students overcome whatever disability they might have. By diagnosing the disability and creating a plan, students with disabilities will received the services needed reach the next level in life. We want to make sure that these students maintain and reach academic success. The ultimate goal is to provide these students with a meaningful and productive education that they will be able to use throughout life. References Dragoo, K. 2013) Transition Services for Children with Disabilities Retrieved March 12, 2013 from http://www. education. com/reference/article/Ref_Transition_101/ Individualized Education Plan (n. d. ) Retrieved March 8, 2013 from http://specialed. about. com/od/specialedacronyms/g/iep. htm Mooney, L. (2013) The Strengths and Weaknesses of Assessments for Early Special Education Retrieved March 11, 2012 from http://www. ehow. com/info_12158052_strengths-weaknesses-assessments-early-specia l-education. html What is a Developmental Delay (2012) Overview of Early How to cite Lifelong Learning, Papers

Oil and Gas ManagementBusiness Economics

Question: How oil prices affect the AD or AS of an economy? Answer: Introduction: The oil industry had always been a subject of booms and busts but recently it has witnessed a new downturn. There are several companies that had previously earned record profits but they are eventually forced to decommission rigs and sharply decrease their investment in the exploration and production. In this regard, there was a loss of jobs by more than 100,000 of the oil workers and there was a reduction in the manufactures of drilling and production equipment. The international benchmark for the Brent crude was around $55 per barrel and that of the American benchmark is at $49 per barrel. Since 2010, the Brent crude price was as high as $155 per barrel and it remained high till the mid June 2014, thereafter there was a sharp decline in the oil price which was more than half of the previous oil price of about $49 per barrel. The drivers of oil price increase include the oversupply of oil by the US and strong US dollar (BBC News, 2015). There was significant impact by the US negotia tion for the possible nuclear deal with Tehran which would again increase the oil exports by the Iran into the global oil market. This caused oversupply of oil in the market and lowered the oil price. This paper helps to understand the causes and impact of the sharp decline in the global oil price. In this context, the impact of oil price drop on the Chinese economy is also evaluated with the help of the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply curve (The Economist, 2015). Drivers of sharp decline in Global Oil Price: The reasons for the sharp fall in the oil price are primarily two fold. To understand the economics of the oil market, it is important on to derive the demand and supply and the market structure of the global oil industry. Initially, the global oil market depicted and followed the characteristics of oligopoly but with the increase in the oil producing countries the competition increased and the oil market started depicting the characteristics of the competitive market. Some of the features include that there are many number of buyers and sellers of oil, the sellers of the oil market are price takers, there is complete freedom of entry and exit in and out of the market and the sellers maximizing their profit. The demand and the supply curves of the oil are inelastic in nature (Hartley, 2015). This is because large changes in the price of oil will have little impact on the quantity of oil demanded and quantity of oil supplied. The diagram is attached in appendix 1 (Smith, Round and Per loff, 2014). The two primary reasons behind the oil price fall is the weak demand by the emerging markets like China which lowered the demand for oil and automatically driving the situation to excess supply of oil and this caused the sharp fall in the price of oil. This phenomenon is explained with the help of diagram attached in the appendix 2. The next reason behind the fall in the global oil price is the OPECs refusal to decrease the oil production. OPEC contributes around 60% of the worlds total supply of oil which means that OPEC has substantial power to fluctuate the price of oil by increasing and decreasing the oil supply (Imf.org, 2015). OPEC is the oil cartel consisting of 12 oil producing countries which held a meeting where countries like Venezuela and Iran proposed on lowering the oil production so that the oil price remains stable in the global market but Saudi Arabia which is the second largest oil producer refused to cut down the production so that the price of oil is lowered. This is shown by the diagram which is attached in the appendix 3. The sharp decline in the global oil piece has significant impact on the oil exporters and oil importers which means that there are winners and losers in this circumstance (Liu et al., 2014). The fall in the oil price positively impacted the oil importers as they have to pay less for the same amount of oil purchase and thus, their disposable income has increased. They can now purchase more of other goods and increase their consumption. In this case, India had been implementing disinflationary pressure and derived positive effects from the oil price fall. It is evident from the survey by IMF that if there is 30% fall in the oil price then there is 0.8% hike in the economic growth in these countries (Forbes, 2015). Thus, it can be said that the oil importing countries are winners (Salisu, 2014). In the case of the oil exporting countries, the low oil price implies that there is a reduction in their oil revenue which will pose as a constraint in the economic growth and development of the se countries. For example, Venezuela had to decrease 20% of its government expenditure to combat the budget deficit which can be attributed to the fall in the oil price. Thus, the oil exporting counties are losers in such circumstances. Impact of fall in global oil price on the oil importers: The fall in the global oil price will positively impact the oil importing counties as they can now have to pay less for the same level of purchase of oil. This enables the consumers of the oil importing countries to increase their personal disposable income. This helps the consumers to demand and consume more commodities than before. This will increase the aggregate demand of the importing countries. The second impact that affects the oil importing countries is the decrease in the cost of production of the final goods which will increase the profit and thereby the investment (Silverstein, 2015). The third significant impact is on the inflation rate. The price of oil has the ability to affect the price of other commodities and thus, create a situation of low inflation which lowers the real interest rate. The oil importing countries have the ability to reduce the energy subsidies with the advent of low oil prices. Since the oil importing countries increases the consumption within the e conomy, this will increase the aggregate demand of the countries and shift the curve to the right. This is shown by the diagram attached in the appendix 4. Impact of global oil price on China and the aggregate demand: The dramatic changes in the global oil market had impacted the Chinese Economy substantially. The low oil price has positive impacted the Chinese economy which can be explained by the decrease in the imports of the oil in dollar amounts have increase the current account surpluses. In 2014 China had imported 6.2 million barrels per day whereas in 2015 China imported 6.5 million barrels per day of crude oil (Fang and You, 2014). The next impact is on the economic growth of China. The low oil prices have the potentiality to augment economic growth in the economy by increasing the GDP of the country which is shown by the chart attached in the appendix 5. The oil price decline will support the government of China to reform the tax and fiscal systems of China (Financial Times, 2015). There is also a significant negative impact which is the continued trend of falling price of oil will influence the price of other commodities and can cause deflation whereas there will be significant negative impact on the investment in domestic energy and oil and gas production which will lower the contribution of these sectors to the GDP of the country (Basnet, Vatsa and Sharma, 2014). The concept that the low oil price will increase the real income of the consumers of China is directed towards the aggregate demand. As the real income of the consumers has increased, it implies that the consumers can purchase more of other goods and increase the consumption expenditure of the economy. Since the aggregate demand consists of consumption expenditure which when increased will increase the aggregate demand and shift the curve to the right which will increase the real GDP of the Chinese economy (Wang and Zhang, 2014). This phenomenon is shown by the diagram attached in the appendix 6. Conclusion: The global oil price is always experiencing booms and busts in the past and recently there was a sharp decline in the global oil price which impacted both the oil importers and exporters. There are mainly two reasons behind the fall in oil supply which are the weak demand for oil from the emerging economies like India and China and the next is the refusal of OPEC to reduce the oil production. Both the situation caused an excess supply within the oil market which lowered the oil price to equilibrate the market. In this paper, the focus is on the oil importing countries and the evaluation of the impact of the fall in the global oil price. In this context the third largest importer of Oil which is China is considered (Zhang and Chen, 2014). There was significant positive impact of the fall in the global oil price on Chinese economy like economic growth, inflation rate and the reform in the tax and the fiscal structure but there is also a significant negative impact on the economy throug h the threat of deflation (Zhao et al., 2014). References Basnet, H., Vatsa, P. and Sharma, S. (2014). Common Trends and Common Cycles in Oil Price and Real Exchange Rate.Global Economy Journal, 14(2). BBC News, (2015).Falling oil prices: Who are the winners and losers? - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29643612 [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Fang, C. and You, S. (2014). The impact of oil price shocks on the large emerging countries' stock prices: Evidence from China, India and Russia.International Review of Economics Finance, 29, pp.330-338. Financial Times, (2015).China price controls blunt impact of rising dollar and falling oil - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/9efc5b66-9711-11e4-845a-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F9efc5b66-9711-11e4-845a-00144feabdc0.html%3Fsiteedition%3Dintlsiteedition=intl_i_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in%2F#axzz3ghphkZNW [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Forbes, (2015).How Will The 2014 Drop In Oil Prices Affect The World Economy And Geopolitics?. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2015/01/06/how-will-the-2014-drop-in-oil-prices-affect-the-world-economy-and-geopolitics/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Hartley, J. (2015).The Economic Impact Of Falling Oil Prices: 'Expansionary Disinflation'. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonhartley/2015/01/12/the-economic-impact-of-declining-oil-prices-expansionary-disinflation/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Imf.org, (2015).IMF Survey : Global Implications of Lower Oil Prices. [online] Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2015/int071415a.htm [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Liu, Q., Shi, K., Wu, Z. and Xu, J. (2014). Oil price stabilization and global welfare.Journal of Development Economics, 111, pp.246-260. Salisu, A. (2014). Modelling oil price volatility before, during and after the global financial crisis.OPEC Energy Review, 38(4), pp.469-495. Silverstein, K. (2015).How Falling Oil Prices Will Impact Economy--And The Keystone Pipeline Debate. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2015/01/09/falling-oil-prices-impact-economy-and-the-keystone-pipeline/ [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Smith, R., Round, D. and Perloff, J. (2014).Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. The Economist, (2015).Everything you want to know about falling oil prices. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/03/economist-explains-14 [Accessed 24 Jul. 2015]. Wang, X. and Zhang, C. (2014). The impacts of global oil price shocks on ChinaÃâ€" ³s fundamental industries.Energy Policy, 68, pp.394-402. Zhang, C. and Chen, X. (2014). The impact of global oil price shocks on Chinas bulk commodity markets and fundamental industries.Energy Policy, 66, pp.32-41. Zhao, L., Zhang, X., Wang, S. and Xu, S. (2014). The effects of oil price shocks on output and inflation in China.Energy Economics.

The American Delima Essays - A Raisin In The Sun, William Younger

The American Delima The Younger family is a sterling example of a typical black, urban, Northern United States family living in Southern Chicago subsequent to World War II. Their life is not an easy one, as they endure daily indignities and sufferings while trying to measure out their existence on a very uneven playing field. Indeed African Americans face many hardships; many of which are self-induced whilst others are imposed upon them by the dominant culture that exists. I. Pride is an expensive luxury that the Younger family seems to have an addiction to, however, it later serves as a character defining ?virtue? that allows the Younger family to escape their current state of depravity and move into a new and better situation. A. Walter Lee Younger has a great ?manly pride? that gets both him and his family in a great deal of trouble and creates huge turmoil within the Younger household. B Mrs. Younger holds on very tightly to her ?old fashioned? pride and this serves to hold the family together, however in Walter's case it back fires. C Benetha's intellectual pride has a positive effect on daily family life and proves to be very important in the family's future aspirations of economic and social development. D The varying degrees and forms of pride in the Younger family all serve as catalyst for steamy family discussions and heated debates, however, it is the family's cultural and ethnic pride that allows them to rise out of their depravity and destitution. II. Mrs. Younger's hope is the primary reason for the family's ascension out of its viscious cycle of depravity. .A Mrs. Younger's hope was so strong and consistent in its fashion that it spread to other members of the family, serving an important purpose in saving the family from an eternal suffrage in their small two bedroom apartment. III. The differences in the stages of personal development of the many people living in the Younger household were also a cause of conflict within that household. It was quite amazing that despite all of he hardships that the Youngers had to endure that the all triumphed over their adversity and all eventually self actualized to become greater than they were before. Social Issues

VNT turbo essays

VNT turbo essays The idea of forced air induction by turbine, or turbo, is not new and has it's mass production roots in WWII fighter planes. What is new, however, is its application to passenger automobiles. Unlike a near constant high RPM fighter engine, an automobile requires wide-open throttle (WOT) power availability throughout its entire operating range. Previous automotive turbo applications acted like an on-off power switch with a five second delay, decreasing drivability, rather than providing the smooth linear powerband of a normally aspirated engine. Because the turbine is in a fixed position in the exhaust stream, it was plagued with sometimes uncontrolled production from the compressor at high engine speeds, commonly referred to as boost creep, and a significant decrease fuel economy versus a similar, but naturally aspirated engine. The Garret Aviation produced VNT-25 solved all of these problems with its innovative Variable Nozzle Turbine. Hands down it is the most advanced turbo e ver mass-produced and it was the first of its kind on production cars. One of the most talked about problems with turbo charged engines is the lengthy time it takes for the turbo itself to accelerate to operational speeds. This is commonly referred to as turbo lag or turbo spool up time. Under WOT, turbo lag results in a seemingly underpowered engine that suddenly comes to life as a delayed tire melting rush of acceleration. Previously, turbo lag was limited by decreasing the size of the turbo itself. This resulted in lower rotating mass and more importantly, a smaller cross sectional area, which accelerated exhaust gasses at lower engine speeds. Although the turbo is able to spool quicker due to its size, for the same reason its ability to move and compress large amounts of air efficiently is significantly reduced. Inherently a smaller turbo will produce less maximum horsepower than if it were replaced by larger turbo on the same engine. Previous...

Double Consciousness and Triple Person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Double Consciousness and Triple Person - Essay Example The author also defines an internal identity as the real authentic self. This identity is defined by the black man’s inner and outer characteristics. It is the way the Negro truly should be; a powerful force of nature; an element that has defied the odds and lived on in a hostile society. This black man is a human being capable of dreaming, achieving and maximising his potential. Finally, and most importantly, Fanon’s third person must contend with the external identity. This is defined by the person’s race; it is the most predominant of all. The black man’s race is all the world sees, yet society insists on judging him according to its own standards. Fanon believes that accepting only the Negro or race identity is tantamount to being amputated. It rips off all other elements of his being and leaves him frustrated. The white man appears to call the shots in this society. He defines who the black man can and cannot be. Fanon bemoans the fact that this identity is branded onto black people as soon as they are born. They eventually realise that they are objects of others’ gazes. In one line he quotes the assertions of a white child: â€Å"Mama see the Negro! I’m frightened.†. The white gaze is indeed a primary component of the black man’s existence. Dubois also defined the black man’s identity through a double consciousness. This refers to two aspects of the Negro’s existence – that of being an American citizen and that of being a Negro.

DQ1 pg 322 -323 Medical Center Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ1 pg 322 -323 Medical Center Case - Essay Example The employee appraisal sheet is first completed to check on self appraisal. The second step entails response of the questions raised by the employees by the supervisor based on observation and performance of the employee. The third step involves the employee and supervisor meeting to discuss the ratings through evolution and finally the evaluation results are used as a tool for appraisal determination for the employee (The National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010) The value of documentation in performance evaluation entails streamlining the performance of the hospital standards. This is done through ensuring professionalism, respect, quality work, and efficiency. The other important value involves evaluating the competencies of individuals. This is relevant as it provides employees with an opportunity to improve the consistency of the appraisal processes (Stewart & Kenneth, 2012). Similarly the use of the appraisal system was aimed at ensuring consistency in the evaluation process. Healthcare organizations have developed guidelines to be followed when an employee scores a certain

Identification of Unknown Carbohydrates | Lab Report

Identification of Unknown Carbohydrates | Lab Report INTRODUCTION One of the main types of nutrients is the carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the most vital foundation of energy for your body. Our digestive system has a capacity to change carbohydrates into glucose or most commonly known as blood sugar. Our body gets energy used by our cells, tissues and organs from this sugar. Carbohydrates also stores additional sugar in our liver and muscles. Carbohydrates may be simple or complex depending on its chemical structure. Simple carbohydrates are also known as simple sugars. They are commonly established in refined sugar such as white sugar. Complex carbohydrates of starches includes grain products like bread, crackers, pasta and rice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Samples Approximately 1.00 ml of the known carbohydrate samples and the two unknown samples were transferred on separate labelled test tubes. About 1.00 ml of Molisch reagent then 1.00 ml of concentrated H2SO4 was added to each sample. The test was observed for any change and was recorded. With the use of new batch of samples each time, the remaining tests were conducted: (a) Iodine test 1.00 ml of iodine reagent was added to each sample. (b) Benedicts test 1.00 ml of Benedict reagent was added to each sample then heated using water bath. (c) Barfoeds test 1.00 ml of Barfoeds reagent was added to each sample then heated using water bath. (d) Seliwanoffs test 1.00 ml of Seliwanoff reagent was added to each sample then heated using water bath. (e) 2,4-DNP test 1.00 ml of 2,4-DNP was added to each sample then heated using water bath. The identity of the unknown samples was determined by comparing it to the known carbohydrate samples. B. Hydrolysis of Starch Exactly 50.0 ml of 5% starch solution was transferred in a 100-ml beaker. Precisely 5.00 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid was added. The sample was covered with aluminium foil and was heated using water bath. Two 1.00 ml volume of the sample were transferred in a test tube. Exactly 1.00 ml of iodine reagent was added to one tube and 1.00 ml of Benedicts reagent was added to the other. The reaction was observed. The sample was heated continuously. Two 1.00 ml volume of the sample was transferred between every 5 minute interval and tested with iodine and Benedicts reagent as above until formation of blue-black complex in iodine stops and formation of brick red colour in Benedicts reagent ensues. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONÂ   In Molisch test, the result turned out to be positive or slow reaction. It is because of the formation of the reaction with alpha-naphthol in the occurrence of sulfuric acid. In this test, all type of carbohydrates will give a positive result. Benedicts solution is a deep-blue alkaline solution used in testing the existence of the aldehyde functional group, -CHO. Benedict;s reagent consists of blue copper (II) ions which are condensed to copper (I).These ions will then be precipitated as red copper (I) oxide which is not soluble in water. In Benedicts test, monosaccharides and disaccharides except for sucrose give a positive result. It is when the result is a brick red precipitate. In Barfoeds test, the copper ion in solution oxidizes reducing monosaccharides. This is for the formation of a carboxylic acid and red precipitate of copper (I) oxide in 3 minutes. In Seliwanoffs test, the reagent dehydrates ketohexoses to form 5-hydroxymethylfurfural which will further react with resorcinol, that is present in the reagent, to produce a red product in 2 minutes. In Iodine test, all polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch give positive result. The sample turns to blue-black color.

District Nurse Essay

Who is a district nurse? A district nurse is a type of nurse that works in the community rather in the hospitals. They help by supporting and caring for the patients in care homes or residential homes. P1. Identify the forms of communication. Working in care is about communication and relationship .It is simply not possible to provide care without developing communication or relationship with the patients. That’s why it is important as a carer to know how to build a relationship with the patients. Communication is about much more than just conversation. There are three forms of communication they are: 1. Contexts. 2. Forms of communication. 3. Alternative forms of communication. M1. Describe the forms of communication. Today we will be looking at one of the forms of communication which is contexts. Some of the examples of contexts communication are: 1. One to one. 2. Groups. 3. Formal and informal. 4. With people using services. 5. Colleagues 6. Managers. One to one One-to-one in communicationis the act of an individual communicating with another. It is also called face to face communication. Groups. Group communication refers to communication between 3 or more individuals. Informal. Informal communication is less defined by strict measures and is characterized by colloquial language.The Antonym of informal is formal where formal communication is associated with the use of official medical/scientific language in documentation and to systematic policies and procedures. Both types of health information communication play important roles in shaping patient behaviour, ensuring patient safety and promoting the delivery of quality health. With people using services. It is good to have a fluent communication with the people using services and show them kindness so more people can come and use your service in a suitable way. Mangers. Every company has a manger and the work of the managers is to manage the company and make sure everything is running as expected. Managers mostly interact with their employers and see how far or how well they car doing the job. Colleagues. Colleagues are the people you work with let it be in a business area or other work places. Having a colleague is a good thing because you might feel more confident in talking to him.her. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION. This topic looks at forms of communication. There are many forms of communication that people around the world use to communicate with others. They are: 1. Verbal communication. 2. Non-verbal communication 3. Written communication. Verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication refers to the way someone communicates by using words to present thoughts, ideas and feelings. Basically verbal communication is the ability to explain and show your ideas clearly through the spoken words. Unlike verbal communication, non-verbal communication refers to the messages people send out to express their thoughts and ideas without talking. There are many ways how non-verbal communications e.g. 1. Body language. 2. Facial expression. 3. Touch or contact. 4. Signs symbols and pictures. Body language. Body language is a type of non-verbal communication where by is the way to communicate by using your body instead of talking. For example the way someone sits or stands which is called posture can send messages. Head movement and hand movement might also indicate that you are sending or passing out a message. Facial expression. Facial expression refers to the way someone communicates by using his or her face. We can often tell how someone is feeling by looking at their face. For example if someone is happy there is a smile on her/his face. if someone is excited his/her eyes become wider. Touch or contact. Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behavior. There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood. The deprivation of touch and contact impedes development. Touch can be used to communicate affection, familiarity, sympathy and other emotions. Signs, symbols and pictures. There are common signs and gestures that majority of people recognize without being taught. There are different types of signs that people and have a meaning. For example when waving to someone that means you are passing a message using signs. Symbols and pictures of all kind of different objects also communicate messages. Written communication. Written communication has great significance in today’s world. It is an innovative activity of the mind.. Speech came before writing. But writing is more unique and formal than speech. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences formation as well as cohesive composition of sentences. Also, writing is more valid and reliable than speech. But while speech is spontaneous, writing causes delay and takes time as feedback is not immediate. Alternative forms of communication. There are many types of alternative forms of communication they are 1. Sign language. 2. Makaton. 3. Braille. 4. Technological aids. 5. Human aids. Sign language. As we said earlier sign language is the use of your body parts like facial expression, position, movement of the hands and arms. Sign language is mostly used by the disable people who have bad hearing problem. Makaton Language programme which uses signs and symbols to teach communication, language and literacy skills to people with communication and learning difficulties. It is designed to provide a means of communication to individuals who cannot communicate efficiently by speaking. Makaton has been effectively used with individuals who have cognitive impairments Braille. Braille is a system of writing for the blind consisting of raised dots that can be interpreted by touch, each dot or group of dots representing a letter, numeral, or punctuation mark Braille was devised in 1821 by Louise Braille, a Frenchman.. Technological aids. Basically a technological aid refers to the electronic aids people around the world use for communication. For examples mobile phones are used to pass messages from one person to another either by making calls or sending text messages. Computer is another technological aid that we use to do research and also for communication. Human aids. Human aids are special skilled people who help people communicate with each other. Examples are: 1. Interpreters. 2. Translators. 3. Signers. Interpreters and translators :.Interpreters are people who translate orally, while a translator interprets written text. Both interpreting and translation presuppose a certain love of language and deep knowledge of more than one tongue. The key skill of a very good translator is the ability to write well, to express him/her clearly in the target language. That is why professional translators almost always work in only one direction, translating only into their native language. Even bilingual individuals rarely can express themselves in a given subject equally well in two languages. And many excellent translators are far from being bilingual – they may not be, and need not be, fluent speakers of the source language (the language of the original text being translated). The key skills of the translator are the ability to understand the source language and the culture of the country where the text originated, and, using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials, renders that material into the target language. An interpreter, on the other hand, has to be able to translate in both directions, without the use of any dictionaries, on the spot. .

Coal Is Just Not Black Gold

COAL IS JUST NOT BLACK GOLD PREFACE Drawing upon the organisation in which author is familiar – Coal India Limited, largest coal producing company in the world, In this paper he critically analyses few existing policies implemented by Government of India and Coal India Limited in mining industry from past few decades, works through the complex problems around Coal mining in India and identifies few human resource management related problems and how they have contributed for the company’s stagnation in recent years. The author then critically analyses the issues, compare it with relevant literature and evaluate the limitations.Based on the literature and observations, he then proposes few strategic recommendations to improve organisational effectiveness both to Law makers and to company. INTRODUCTION Coal India Limited (CIL) is a Government of India Undertaking, Maharatna (Country’s Jewel) company which employees 400,000 people approximately as of April’12. In ended last financial year, with net annual sales of 15 billion dollars, and a net annual operating profit of 3 billion dollars approximately by producing coal from its 466 Coal mines across India and selling it to Power generation companies.It is the biggest and only listed company in the sector, where private companies are not allowed to compete, Thus accounting to 80% of Annual national production of Coal in India. CIL has five unions, which represent all the employees in the company. Since the company is only major coal producer and acts more like a monopoly in the sector, wages are low compared to Industry average in other countries. Coal India apart from producing coal on its own also gives few coal mines to private third parties for contract.These mines are smaller in size and remote for the company to allocate resources, hence they are contracted. This strategy of contracting coal mines and not having enough regulations around Coal production has led to few private contra ctors preferring illegal means of employment in these coal mines and not allowing private competitors to compete with Public sector companies COAL IN INDIA Indian Coal Industry currently occupies third position by producing 400 metric tons per year ( mtpy), after US (1100 mtpy and China 2400 mtpy.Within the country Coal mining is nationalized and accounts for 60 per cent of electricity production. Coal being crucial resource for economic growth, it is safeguarded by government by passing many acts, Indian Mines Act of 1952, Mines and Minerals Regulation and Development (MMRD) act are the key legislative act meant for protecting labour working in mining industry and governing mining and exploration in India respectively.After further revision in 1993 and 2002, National Mining Policy was outlined by Government of India whose objectives are mineral development through exploration in both Onshore and Offshore fields. Policy is meant to promote mineral industry standardize training and r esearch, considering future needs of the country with minimal impact of nature and ensure safety and health of all people involved in the industry. These objectives do make a progress in standardizing the rules, however it has to clearly describe how the law handles informal mines and how to deal with illegitimacy under current law.According to a Journalist expert of small mines Chakravorty (2002), Illegal mines in India constitute of 88 per cent of the total reported mines in count, producing approximately 10 per cent of the total value of mineral production of the country. This number has increased in the last decade , where 30 per cent of illegal mining. These mines comprise of poor people toiling for lowest wages and almost negligible security, health and safety conditions. According to MMRD Act, Mines Act and other Environmental Acts, all minerals are broadly classified into â€Å"Major† and â€Å"Minor† and rest the responsibility of mining with the state.MMRD ha s further classified mines has Class A or Class B determined based on the mechanical equipment used and Labour employment the mine generates. Based on financial investment, Labour work, Depth of deposits and technology deployed, mines are simplified to different Classes and given for contract. Typically Class B mines are given for contract to subsidiaries by CIL , One such example is Eastern Coal Fields, in state of Meghalaya, where even though they mines are Small, they are labour intensive and needs to have high security and health standards.National Institute of Small Mines (NISM) , a governing body has classified mines based on the production amounts. From various acts above, it can be understood that legal definitions hinge on physical dimensions of mine, which is in turn is used to determine the effort and time required to mine. However for a complex economic activity like mining with close social linkages and unique to the nature of the mine, such reductionist approach and si mplifying mines obscures the diversity of mining practices across scales.As large formal processes of mineral extraction, processing and use cannot be applied to such small mines they tend to be rejected and Illegitimated. Clearly, existing laws have loopholes which are inadequate in handling perennial Informal and Illegal mining. Also Illegal miners cannot lobby for recognition, since current structure of the sector is monopolistic with over 80% reserves under CIL. This situation has resulted in dire consequences and well-being of Local society around colliery areas and environment. COAL INDIA , A MONOPOLYCoal India Limited (CIL) established in 1970, is responsible for mining the coal, while the ownership of which is vested with the state. Consequently the organization has played a critical role in meeting state’s growth plans. The decision making on mineral resources is influenced by engineers, geologists, bureaucrats and political groups and governance is solely vested wit h CIL. The Coal Mines Nationalisation Bill, 2000 allows state governments to mine coal only if CIL certifies with no Intention to mine certificate.The Ministry of Coal ( MoC ) has awarded CIL a near monopolistic power, giving rise to tight control on its country’s reserves and lack of transparency in many areas. Because of lack of more advanced technology for procuring coal and other social costs, it is also noted that mining cost of Coal in India is 35% higher than other exporting countries like Indonesia, Australia, because of poor productivity ( 3 tonnes / man shift ) as compared to 12 tonnes / man shift in Australia.As a solution privatising of coal sector is attempted, however it is still in preliminary stage. The challenge to policy makers in this regard is to ensure how to safeguard the wealth from illegal mining and environment within the region, at the same time benefit people in mining areas by making laws that do not outcaste people and their livelihoods as illegit imate also ensure greater transparency and standardization in pricing of coal.In coming years, demand for coal in the country is expected to increase multi fold, according to IEA 2006, Reuters 2007, hence the need for government to restructure the sector is critical to not only to answer many global implications concerning climate changes and Kyoto Protocol and but also streamline the definite increase in informal collieries which will continue to meet the demands of local consumers and ensure they meet minimum security and health standards of living. SOCIAL IMPACTCoal India Limited has destroyed environment in many coal traces with no or little concern for social implications, Inspire of Forest and environment controls. This behaviour can be attributed to sole monopoly power vested with one company on nation’s coal production. There were other instances of violation of human rights noticed while employee people at Coal mines One such example, It was noted that at Janita Hill s, Meghalaya , India. 5000 children less than age of 18 was trafficked from Assam, Nepal and Bangladesh and employed by coal mines in Meghalaya which are contracted to private contractors by CIL .Many such instances were noticed not only in eastern part of India , but also across many nations’ coal traces in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka states. Inspite of the Mines Act , 1952 which doesn’t allow bonded labourers or people below the age of 18 to work. Sometimes even without environment degradations, large mining projects have impacted social lives with serious implications for the livelihoods of local communities around in and around coal traces, where people were forced to leave their traditional occupations for scavenging in left over coal traces, which are not economically viable for contractors.Such instances were noticed in Jharkhand, where government and company officials have neglected social and cultural issues around the mining areas for years impacti ng the livelihoods of people living in these areas. This has created a need for extreme leftist or Maoist Movements to resist such acts– as observed by Chandra Bhusan, Associate Director of Centre of Science and Environment. According to him Indian Mineralised tracts are mostly in conflict Zones, since Company officials, technical experts and governing bodies never seriously engaged with social issues.Current legal instruments are anti-poor and of colonial vintage and unable to deal with today’s realities. Many Civil Non-Governmental Organisation groups have taken a non-violent approach to use existing judicial mechanisms such as filing Public Interest Litigation(PIL) to bring justice to local communities whose daily lives are impacted. Ex : PIL filed against Eastern Coalfields Limited by Mazdoor Sabha in Country’s Apex court. Although Supreme Court Panel has lashed against CIL, It remained unresponsive SOCIAL LICENSE TO OPERATEOver the past 2 decades many chang es were noticed in global mining industry. There is increased and concerted global efforts where nine major global companies supported a global scale project called Mines, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project ,whose direct outcome is to the increasing charges of environmental destruction and irresponsibility on coal mining companies to care socio-cultural changes caused by them in areas of operation are laid out and followed globally.MMSD group of companies agreed that Mining Company in developing countries not only needs Legal license to operate but also Social License to Operate. Under this backdrop At CIL, mining engineers who make all the plans , mining project itself assumes more importance over people living in these mining operations. This view was observed from many bureaucrats in India, CIL uses their rationale that Land Acquisition Act or Coal Bearing Areas Act does not provide assistance for Local people around the impacted areas, thus ignoring local needs and perpetuating illegal mining under its belt.ILLEGAL COAL MINING AND UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS In energy-hungry country like India, demand for coal has increased in the last 2 decades, coal production remained fairly stable, causing coal prices to surge in recent years. The lack of reform and rising demand have spawned a seedy underbelly of â€Å"Coal Mafia† and a class of workers that illegally scavenge the mines for coal. The Coal Nationalization act in 1952, revised in 2000 has made it legal for just the centre or state governments to authorize coal mining, i. . , only government owned companies, its subsidiaries and contracted third parties. Apart from illegally mining, scavenging from abandoned mines is another source of obtaining coal. In West Bengal state for instance Raniganj-Jharia region there are many abandoned mines by CIL subsidiaries which have neglected filling up the mines with sand, as per regulation , consequently villagers have ready access to scavenge.It was also observed that open abandoned underground mines release hazardous gases like Carbon Monoxide which are hazardous and can kill people who go to scavenge left over coal. Scavenging can occur in both underground and open cast mines. The later assumes greater significance. In these areas Poor Security of mines storage and transportation was observed where coal is transported with head baskets into awaiting trucks. Coal India also delivers coal to local sale dumps located near the mines and big dumps, pilferage takes place regularly on major highways from long distance.In eastern India, It's not unusual to see women and children work the unsafe mines with the most rudimentary tools. Most are drawn to it in the hopes of earning a better  income. According to World Bank, over 20 million people depend on mineral resource extraction for living. When this number is compared with formal mining industries it is immensely large. PAUPERIZATION IN COAL MINING AREAS IN INDIA In colliery areas where CIL operates, significant amount of social and environmental transformation takes place over a period of time.Within bureaucratic and political circles the notion that Coal as a commodity is being excavated for greater common good by a Central government owned body like Coal India Limited, represents lack of attentions to people’s interests and social impacts of mining coal. Decay of social fabric, erosion of traditional livelihood, rising levels of urbanisation are some of the socio impacts which vary according to physical proximity of the mine to livelihoods.Between 1971 and 2001, people in Ranijang region in west Bengal have slowly moved away from agriculture as an occupation to mining and scavenging , even in non-colliery areas. Women especially from downtrodden caste and below poverty line are most impacted by this migration. In areas of Jharkhand gradual pauperization of people around coal mining areas have taken place in which traditional land and water rig hts in the region in which they live are lost and few negligible short term benefits of mining are accrued which will is leading to steady extinction of tribal people in remote coal mining areas.In most of the cases, links between the legal and illegal coal mines are more complex than above example. Both the groups either co-exist or coal mining company complains against scavenging to local authorities as law and order problem, however bureaucratic reply is usually pointing the company should take care of its resources. Hence in the existing legal setup both parties formally or informally will try to co-exist peacefully.Similar setup exists between large scale and small scale transportation in centralized control manner controlled by mafia group. Part of the root cause for such inefficient maintenance, transportation and distribution systems lies with CIL and its subsidiaries where they are not standardized and do not consider domestic consumer, In the entire eastern region CIL does n’t have large depot to cater the needs of domestic consumers. Hence often industry owner applies for a license to grant coal to fire the furnaces or generate power.This permission is difficult to get and consumer need to bribe any intermediate parties from company officials, bureaucrats and politicians leading to significant overhead cost for the company, there by preferring a shorter and simpler coal extracting methods by joining hands with mafia system or illegal mining. STRATEGY MAKING PROCESS FOLLOWED BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND COAL INDIA In the above sections, various issues faced by the community, company and the system at large are explained.To understand the issue in hand better and to analyse the issues lingering the sector better, Government’s and Company’s behaviour with larger society is compared with few Strategy making processes. According to author, current system has a predefined set of objectives and is thriving to achieve that without consider ing other subjects involved in entire scenario. This behaviour aptly fits into Classical approach highlighted by Grant (2008).The reductionist approach by MMRD and other acts by the Government can be mapped to this approach Government trying to oversimplify the complexities involved in various mines based on certain factors like Size, productivity etc. , such approach leads to formation of clear goals to the Company and doesn’t allow the company to recognize the emergent behaviour of the employees, people livelihoods in affected areas. Below is a modified representation of Grant’s Classical approach of Strategic Human Resource Management.Figure 1 : Common elements in successful Strategies , Adopted from Grant ( 2008: 7) Author notices that because of monopolistic nature of coal mining sector in India and sufficient support from political circles, there isn’t sufficient pressure on the company for Profound understanding of all the groups involved. In Most of the cases, Long term agreed objectives takes more priority over other priorities mentioned like Profound Understanding of all groups involved, Regular Appraisals of employees involved and Environmental awareness.Hence the company will focus on financial targets to achieve more than Social Impact it creates in thousands of people it impacts. Thus it can be stated that Classical approach readily doesn’t fit in or help in solving the issue. Current Intended strategy of Government of India, behind Nationalization of Coal mining in 1952 is to protect the reserves from exploitation by private parties is well understood, however with the changing times , growing demand and involvement of various other socio-political and technological factors, Intended Strategy is not being completely realized.There is a deliberate effort on its part , to ensure current intended strategy works by allowing illegal mining and scavenging by local people in coal mining areas in order to peacefully co-exist and continue to mine in coal traces. However by comparing the number of court petitions filed by local tribes in Jharkhand, WestBengal living nearer to various collieries, comparing the productivity / person and high cost of mining compared to other export countries it can be understood that , slowly they are moving towards an unrealized strategy where focus is only on net volumes realized and not considering environmental impact .EMERGENT STRATEGY OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT In practice organization approach can be explained by Emergent Strategy approach as suggested by Mintzberg (1987) are relevant. According to March (1976) and Mintzberg (1987), planned strategies are not always realized; strategies can often emerge and evolve over a period of time. The Strategy should be moulded over action . Similar such fluid approach can be applied, where an additional dimension as mentioned below in Emergent strategy is required to recover from unrealized strategy and to streamlin e the company’s goals.Privatization of coal mining along with a holistic review of existing mining policies impacting the sector is the emergent strategy to improve the productivity, transparency of coal production and livelihoods of people involved. However its application remains a challenge. Figure 2 : The Emergent Strategy, source from the strategy concept, California Management Review, Mintzberg. H, 1987. Systemic Approach of Strategic Human Resource managementOn similar lines to Emergent Approach of Strategic Human resource management, Whittington(1993,2001) systemic approach provides more answers to the issue, where Strategy is shaped by the social system the company operates within. This strategy is shaped by cultural and institutional interests of broader society, since organisations and decision makers are embedded in network of social relations, hence adept understanding of the needs of the society at large and acting accordingly should be key . OUTCOMES Profit-Max imising PROCESSESDeliberate Emergent Pluralistic Classical Evolutionary Systemic Processual OUTCOMES Profit-Maximising PROCESSES Deliberate Emergent Pluralistic Classical Evolutionary Systemic Processual Figure: 3Whittington’s (1993) generic perspective on strategy Author believes Emergent and Systemic approach to planning a strategy is apt and required by all parties involved( both policymakers and industrialists ) in order to operate in complex world with various socio-geo political limitations. This it can be concluded that to effectively manage human esources and to improve organisation performance , integration between human resource management and business strategy holds key for its success. (See Holbeche, 1999; Schuler and Jackson, 1999). EMPLOYEE RELATIONS IN COAL INDIA Coal India has both union and non-union based workers. Starting from 2009, it has been recruiting more than 1000 employees every year from premier management and technology schools across India. This i s one of management initiatives taken to inject fresh blood and reduce the average age of its labour force.While the decision to recruit young highly talented workforce as change agents is appreciable, 30 to 40 per cent of these employees quit every year for below reasons. 1) Staff felt they were demoralized by senior staff from the beginning. 2) Apart from salary issues, the staffs were under-utilised and faced hostility from seniors. 3) While recruitment, the staff were promised a grade above engineers however not fully implemented even after raising the concern to top management.Hence realized there are limited growth options. Treasurer of Coal Mines Officers Association of India partially accepted the conditions and commented this situation reflects the larger problem of stagnation within the organization It is understood , if the situation continues, the county’s top coal producer is likely to grapple with unprecedented HR crisis across its executive cadre because of lim ited growth options and 6000 of their employees mostly from executive cadre getting retired every year.Falling on relevant literature , Kochan . T , 2000 has stated that Asian model of employee relations is designed to support an economic strategy that emphasises human resources as a competitive asset- A strategy that requires a highly skilled and committed workforce and a cooperative labour management culture and system. In Coal India, it can be observed that there are required structures in place like Unions for labour management, since the company is too big, management of resources is challenging.Since the company works in a monopolistic structure, there isn’t healthy competition which will push the management to focus on current internal and external problems with more vigilance rather than its current laid back approach and bureaucratic functioning. It can be noted that HR strategies should operate consistently as is a vital part of the overall business plan (Stroh and Caligiuri, 1998).Within the organisation senior management there should regularly conduct analysis regarding the kind of HR competencies needed in the future, and accordingly core HR functions (of procurement, development and compensation) should work together collectively to meet such needs. (see Holbeche, 1999). The 2 core aspects which organization has to focus is Integration of HRM into the business and corporate strategy, and the devolvement of HRM to line managers instead of personnel specialists, thereby ensuring company doesn’t have power blockages and allow it to function smoothly.Brewster and Larsen (1992: 411–12) define integration as ‘the degree to which the HRM issues are considered to formulate long term business strategy’ and devolvement as ‘the degree to which HRM practices involve line managers has responsible rather than personnel specialists’. Similarly (Budhwar and Sparrow 1997; 2002; Hope-Hailey et al. , 1997; Truss et al. , 1997; Sisson and Storey, 2000) also highlighted the concept of devolvement for quicker response in large scale organizations. This process, highlights the need of prioritizing the issues and developing/ training more motivated employees for effective control.Instead of having a narrow hierarchy with in organization, there by leading to stagnation, it can be learnt from this theory that local problems should be resolved by local managers at grassroots level affording more time for senior management. Applying this theory to Coal India Limited, It can be understood that mine managers should be more proactive is liaising with local governments and bureaucracies to form an amicable solution for betterment of society as well as company. Company senior management should work closely and provide required assistance and authority to mine managers to perform their duties.In this context, the Coal India Limited management can learn from other global peers to understand how to deal with empl oyee relations related issues effectively. Below is the summary of one such example stated by an author Young-Kee Kim, in his report on Employee relations. LG group from its inception till 1987 achieved high rates of economic growth with support from Government by suppressing unions, however in the period of 1987-89 it has faced severe hostility and strikes from its workers because of which resulted in 740 million dollars of loss. Post 1990 till 2005, as a result of research and many extensive internal surveys the roup has laid importance to new group level policy that emphasis the promotion of human dignity for employees and the maximisation of customer satisfaction. Voluntary employee participation in workplace organisational improvements has been identified as a critical success factor. Consequently the rapid realisation of co-operative labour relations and enlightened ER practices has been recognised as tasks of major significance my member firms. * Company has evolved gradually from Passive support of Management perception of union to active partnership with unions.. It gradually made a cautious move from not just maintaining a stable labour relations climate in order to avoid labour disputes, it has invited a voluntary participation of employees and union leaders in management activities. * Unions characteristics of providing weak employee support to being professional in their activities and finally Employee Relations have moved from just dealing with basic issues to providing autonomy and participation of employees From the above example it can be understood that Firstly, without management innovation, co-operative Employee Relations cannot be achieved.For Labour management relations to be a positive sum game, these innovations should enable the company to achieve superior performance and the capacity to provide employees with better rewards. Secondly, much time and effort is required from top management to develop a constructive labour management cult ure. The Employee relations department cannot achieve the development of co-operative employment relations by itself. The labour management relationship should be viewed as a profit – creating relationship, rather than a cost –creating one.Thirdly, the company should support increased independence and professionalism on the part of the union and provide education for union leaders. A union that lacks professionalism is unable to get a full support of its members and lacks effective management strategies for administering union business because of high turnover of union officials. Fourthly, to be successful all these activities should be conducted consistently and systematically over time. Many companies only seriously consider the labour management relationship when faced by a critical problem.Such focused attention tends to fade when the strike is settled. As explained in the above example, LG group has chosen a different path and spent a year analysing its Employee r elations. CONCLUSION IS PRIVATISATION A SOLUTION ? Currently both globally and in India, demand for coal is on the rise, thereby increasing the prices of coal. Due to the volatile times passing through, similar to other commodity sectors like Iron, steel, Coal Mining industry will also undergo divestment and monopoly of Coal India Limited will break. However privatisation is not a panacea for all issues lingering the sector.Time has come for Policy makers, bureaucracy and other parties involved come together to answer few critical questions while restructuring the sector. 1) How to deal with thousands of people making their livelihood from illegal mining of coal ? 2) Will the government able to accept few realities like people living in local region , have rights on mineral resources to strength the lower strata and provide a sense of security to their livelihood ? 3) Can the government, restructure the sector with more robust, full proof, social informed laws protecting and respect ing the rights and interests of all involved ? ) With experience from privatising other commodities, after privatising coal mining ,it can be estimated that mushrooming of small coal mining leases can be experienced in an open market scenario. Hence laws and policies safeguarding the interests should be more inclusive than before. Where policies and laws have to deliver sustainable benefits to local and global communities, unlike current laws that are focused only on mitigating the negative impacts of mining on the environment and marginalizing small groups over national priorities.Government policies need to take a more holistic approach in understanding about production of â€Å"Illegal mines† as well as marketing and distribution chains through which legally mined coal is illegally distributed. It is vital to integrate local interests in mine management plans to provide access to resources for local people and co-exist peacefully for inclusive growth.. References : Books a nd Internet Links * Bamber J, Park F, Lee C, Ross P and Broadbent K, 2000, Employment Relations in the ASIA-PACIFIC Changing Approaches, Allen and Unwin, Australia. BeardWell J ; Claydon T, 1994, Human Resouce Management – A Contemporary Approach, Pearson Education Limited, Great Britian. * LG Group ( 1994) LG Labour – Management Relations Long-term Model Report * http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/companies/article2470720. ece * http://economictimes. indiatimes. com/coal-india-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-11822. cms * http://articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2011-10-18/news/30295579_1_iits-and-iims-new-recruits-cil * http://www. firstpost. com/business/labour-pangs-for-coal-india-scrip-melts-in-the-heat-67084. tml * http://in. reuters. com/article/2012/10/12/tci-coalindia-idINDEE89B08G20121012 * http://www. dnaindia. com/money/report_coal-india-to-face-india-s-first-class-action-suit-in-15-days_1770358 * http://www. livemint. com/Companies/jEkLsitce5Qt0w x3gyS3sM/Coal-India8217s-UK-shareholder-to-file-petition-in-Indian. html * http://ibnlive. in. com/news/meghalaya-braveheart-fights-against-child-labour-in-coal-mines/266778-3. html * http://www. amusingplanet. com/2011/05/child-labor-in-indian-coal-mines. html * http://www. elshcoalmines. co. uk/forum/read. php? 4,50329,50370#msg-50370 * http://www. mining. com/los-angeles-times-uncovers-child-labour-in-indias-coal-mines/ * http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2012-11-14/guwahati/35111450_1_child-labourers-coal-mines-meghalaya-government * http://www. businessinsider. com/photos-indias-illegal-coal-mines-2012-10? op=1 * http://www. thesundayindian. com/en/story/the-unfortunate-social-costs-of-coalgate-and-such-scams/42442/ * http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=1716581 *