Financial Bubbles Example

Essays on Financial Bubbles Assignment ï » ¿ The success of any phenomenon needs to be under control, if a positive over grows in size it becomes an abnormality. A financial bubble is a financial abnormality; a situation that has over grown the advantage of its positivity and is become a burden for the market producing negative vibes and consequences is referred to as financial bubble. â€Å"There is no simple definition of financial bubble but one dynamic is clear: they become a financial black hole that attracts huge amounts of investment money. An investor who recognizes a bubble and its cause can make a lifetime of profit in a short time.† (Augen 258) Let us discuss some of the important bubbles in the financial history: Tulip Bubble (Dutch Tulip bubble) In the late 15th century tulips were introduced in the Dutch market from turkey. The increase in demand pushed the price of this flower to the sky, leading to market maneuvers of artificial scarcity and artificial price hike. As they say, a bubble bursts when the investors start minting money out of it. Soon when people realized this situation they started selling their stocks and the large contractor started dishonoring their contracts thus resulting in the crash of the bulb market and the bubble burst/ Tech Bubble – 1999 This bubble is also known as the Dot.Com bubble. It happened when the technology market boomed and the internet business was thought to be the star of future profit. NASDAQ soared and so did these internet companies. But then in the late 1999 and the beginning of 2000 saw a crash of this internet bubble when the companies themselves could not take the over burden of these demands and showed losses that very high and pushed the index to a shocking low level, thus resulting in a bubble burst. US Housing Bubble Housing prices in the US started increasing in the later part of the 1990 decade and the bubble busted at the end of 2006 and the start of 2007. The people were investing in the housing business and new houses in the US were selling like hot cakes. The mortgage financing was also in a boom with more and more people availing this profit making opportunity. But as the supply saturated the demand and no buyers were found for the new houses this bubble also busted like the other financial bubbles. This financial upset not only affected the housing sector but did a huge damage to the banks that were extending the mortgage contracts. Dubai Housing Bubble Dubai – the connection between the East and the west, experienced major construction boom in the early 2000. The foreign investors took the dreamland Dubai as an opportunity to invest and huge amounts of investments started following in with high rises seen being built everywhere in Dubai. People were ready to pay tons for that accommodation and companies borrowed more and more to supple people with lavish accommodation. Until 2008, when the supple clustered the demand and the decrease in demand and rising loans led to the burst of this major financial bubble. This downfall caused Dubai to call for help with Abu Dhabi pitching in to save its member state. China Tech Bubble This bubble is yet to take its toll on the financial market. It is the repeat of the Dot.Com bubble and analysts fear it will be bigger in terms of losses as compared to the US dotcom bubble. The Chinese technology sector is taking the NYSE by storm. Due to the Chinese regulation of the ban of facebook, twitter and other similar sites, the Chinese alternatives to these names are doubling their prices on the New York Stock Exchange currently. Analysts foresee this as a crash while other investors argue this to be a technological upsurge for Chinese market. Whether this bubble will burst or not only time will tell. However, our discussion above and the financial market history have shown that such remarkable rise in price is followed by an upsetting figure of decline and losses. Reference Cited Augen, Jeff. Trading Realities: The Truth, the lies the Hype in-Between. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2001. 258. Print.

Chivalry in Chaucers Canterbury Tales - 802 Words

Chivalry in Chaucers Canterbury Tales In his Canterbury Tales, Chaucer fully explicates the cultural standard known as curteisye through satire. In the fourteenth century curteisye embodied sophistication and an education in French international culture. The legends of chilvalric knights, conversing in the language of courtly love, matured during this later medieval period. Chaucer himself matured in the Kings Court, and he reveled in his cultural status, but he also retained an anecdotal humor about curteisye. One must only peruse his Tales to discern these sentiments. In the General Prologue, he meticulously describes the Prioress, satirically examining her impeccable table manners. In the Millers Tale Chaucer juxtaposes†¦show more content†¦All elements combine to illuminate a woman who could only ever attempt to find curteisye, never truly achieve it. In the Millers Tale, the reader finds one of the most humorous passages by Chaucer: Now sire, and eft sire, so bifel the cas That on a say this hende Nicholas Fil with this yonge wif to rage and playe, Whil that hir housbinde was at Oseneye (As clerkes been ful subtil and ful quainte), And prively he caughte hire by the queinte, And saide, Ywis, but if ich have my wille, For derne love of thee, lemman, I spille, And heeld hire harde by the haunche-bones, And saide, Lemman, love me al atones, Or I wol dien, also God me save. (163-72) Quite literally, Nicholas caught Alison by the crotch to draw her near to him, and then held her there by her haunches, or rear end. Standing alone, that image provides an element of base humor, but when that event is coupled with Nicholas words, a dramatically ironic, and altogether funny, scene arises. Nicholas is wooing Alison with the words of courtly love (love me al atones, / Or I wol dien,), the respectful standard of the time, but he simultaneously gropes her in the must vulgar method possible. Here Chaucer plays with the idea of curteisye; he is not mocking someones attempts at it, but rather in his juxtaposition he exposes an element of curteisye not usually recognized. The reader gets the impressionShow MoreRelatedCourtly Love in The Knights Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale1353 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy. Geoffrey Chaucer, a poet of the period, comments on courtly love in his work The Canterbury Tales. Through the use of satiric elements and skilled mockery, Chaucer creates a work that not only brought courtly love to the forefront of medieval society but also introduced feministic ideals to the medieval society. At times, Chaucer even makes readers question his beliefs by presenting contrasting elements of principle in The Knight’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale, both tales told in his profoundRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales is a written work, by Geoffrey Chaucer, that is a representation of the society he lived in. His work portrays the feudal system during the medieval times and how each level of livelihood was a character, whose personalities reflect how Chaucer and his culture view them. During his time, his society regarded the Christian Church as corrupt and manipulative, with a few clergy who are honest and genuine in their exertion. Therefore, the ecclesiastical persona has the dispositionsRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words    |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the system and everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man,Read MoreThe Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an anonymous author, are both sophisticated fourteenth-century examples of medieval romance. Medieval romances captured the heart of their audiences as narratives and stories that featured a protagonist, often a knight, and dealt with religious allegories, chivalry, courtly love, and heroic epics. The concept of the knight emerged from the remnants of the Anglo-saxon literature and ideals and influence of theRead More Character Rank In Society in The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales can be understood as a Chaucerian satire according many readers. Chaucer sets out to deliberately upset the social order present at that time and to mock the faults present in the characters. Although he baffles about the complexity of the characters, Chaucer also praises and condemns characters for their unique qualities. Chaucer further gives us feedback of what actions the characters are taking in their lives. Many of the pilgrims are headed off to Canterbury, to worshipRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Style Of Literature956 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the period of the Medieval Times (449-1485) many different themes and ideas evolved and shaped the literary world in a new way. During these times, there were expectation s of all people, Knights were to act with chivalry and dignity, Monks were to solely practice faith and religion, and ordinary people were to have morals. These expectations were just a few of the things that would be considered Anglo Saxon beliefs, the most popular form of literature of this time. The poems, plays, epicsRead More Compare And Contrast The Kngiht And The Squire Essay593 Words   |  3 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer portrayed a cross section of medieval society though The Canterbury Tales. quot;The Prologuequot; or foreword of this work serves as an introduction to each of the thirty one characters involved in the tales. Two of these characters are the Kght and the Squire, who share a father and son relation. These individuals depart on a religious pilgrimage to a cathedral in Canterbury. The Squire, opposed to the Knight, goes for a vacation instead of religious purposes. His intent is notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Knight And His Tale2835 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of t he Knight and His Tale in The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, a poem consisting of several tales told by various pilgrims, is perhaps the most well known work of Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales Chaucer introduces the pilgrims in the general prologue many of the pilgrims in a satirical manner. In prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduces the Knight as â€Å"a true perfect gentle-knight,† (5) who exemplifies the code of chivalry. The tale that the Knight later narratesRead MoreThe Perfection Of The Knight In The General Prologue Of1128 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Prologue of the Canterbury Tales represents an idealized form of chivalry. Through exhaustive conquest and moderate temperament, the knight embodies chivalric qualities that elevate him to an idealized state. Moreover, the knight is temperamentally moderate despite his martial successes and his merit is unmatched by any other knight. Being in such high prestige, the knight has inherent discretional rights in deciding what is or is n’t true knighthood. After Chaucer establishes the knight asRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire1480 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite

Demand for Medical Care Essay Example For Students

Demand for Medical Care Essay Demand for Medical CareThe demand for medical care is derived from our demand for good health. Michael Grossman was the first to do econometric research on this topic. Grossmans work established two approaches for consideration. In the first, medical care is viewed as an input in the production function for health, and in the second, as an output produced by medical care providers (Henderson, p.142). There are two main factors that determine the demand for medical care. The first is the patient factor. This includes a patients health status, demographic characteristics and economic status. The second is the physician factor. This is an interesting topic because it introduces the principal (patient)-agent (physician) problem. We are faced with the problem of diminishing marginal returns for health. At a certain point, we can only produce so much health. The question we need to ask ourselves is what is the optimal budget for medical care? This is a question that can not be easily answered due to our changing demand for medical care. If we get sick we demand more medical attention. Or, if we choose to live more dangerously this will also increase the demand. Therefore, who should pay for these increased costs for medical insurance? Medical care spending is not the only thing that improves health. Other factors affecting health status, such as life-style, environmental pollution, and technological developments, will shift the total product curve (TV). Figure 4.1, on the next page graphically shows that health status obeys the Law of diminishing productivity. The graph below the total product curve is the marginal product curve. The derivative of the total product curve is the marginal product curve. This curve represents the marginal change in health status. You can see this curve is negatively sloped and can be negative. The maximum point on the total product curve is the total amount of health that we can get out of life. You may know from calculus that the slope of a line at a maximum or minimum is zero. If you look down on the corresponding point on the marginal product curve it lies on the x-axis. All medical treatment after this point is negative. What does this mean? Yes, medical treatment can be harmful to your health if too much is applied. A good example of this is an X-ray. The radiation from multiple X-rays is extremely dangerous. This negative area is called iatrogenic disease. The marginal contribution of health that you get when you allocate more of your resources into medical care is very small. This is a moral question that we need to answer is when do you stop? Thomas McKeown (1976) noticed that there was a secular decline in mortality rates. The quality of life was one of the major factors. There was an increase in income as well as education. The living standards and nutrition chipped in as well. The public health authorities improved sanitation. Which in return all lead to a decrease in diseases. An increase in technology also helped the cause. Diseases like cancer where slowed due to Chemotherapy and stricter regulations directed to corporations on dumping waste. (Henderson p.145) Genetics also play a major role in determining our health. Half of your genes come from your father and the other half from your mother. There are two factors that play a critical role in determining the health of an individual: the risk of exposure to a particular disease and the ability of the individual to resist the disease (and recover from its consequences) once exposed (Henderson p.144). If your father has high blood pressure then his siblings are susceptible to high blood pressure too. Now we will look at the determinants in the demand for medical care. .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe , .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .postImageUrl , .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe , .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:hover , .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:visited , .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:active { border:0!important; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:active , .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91e3689d54985cf05e865d4bca1f7bbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Global cultures Essay Henderson defines demand as the sacrifice an individual is willing to make in order to obtain a given amount of a particular good or service. In other words you cant always get what you want. Need rarely equals demand. Need is almost always greater than demand. This excess want is what is called moral hazard. The demand for medical care has a consumption component and an investment component. The consumption component is the part that you expect to use lets say on a yearly basis. You probably go to the doctors office about once a year for a checkup. The investment component is the part that you hope doesnt happen but just in case you will be able to finance for the occasion. Individuals who are willing to invest in a college education are the same individuals who are willing to spend time and money on improving their health (Henderson p.150). One of the most efficient ways to produce health is to educate oneself. The more knowledge you know about your own health the less you will have to go to the physicians office. Education has been proven statistically to lower demand for healthcare. The Elasticity for education is approximately equal to one-tenth (Weiss Lecture 9/9/99). This means for every ten-percent increase in medical care there is a one- percent increase in health. A proper diet and daily exercise are also important to improving ones health. Both of these factors have produced positive elasticity measures as well.The are two factors that affect the demand for medical care. The first is the patient factor. The patient factor is composed of three variables. A patients health status, demographic characteristics and economic status are the three variables that are the most efficient way to produce health. Patients most often seek treatment for a medical condition Their demand is triggered by an onset of an episode or illness (Henderson p.151). Age is the number one demographic factor that increases demand. A patients economic status is another major variable in determining the demand for medical care. Physician factor is the other variable that affects the demand for medical care. This is often called supplier-induced demand, where in this case the supplier is the physician. Even though only 20 percent of all medical spending goes to physicians services, physicians determine the vast majority of total spending (Henderson). Physicians have been accused of creating a greater demand, which push up costs. Physicians are able to increase the demand by referring patient to other specialist. Rising incomes affect the demand in an increasing manor on the macro level. This is the characteristic of a luxury good. Is medical care a luxury? The elasticity of the demand function becomes more inelastic when your income rises creating a moral hazard. I believe that higher premiums should be charged to the wealthy to cover these increased expenses. As medical care spending continues to escalate, the search for alternatives to slow its growth has focused on the supply side of the market. Modifying provider behavior is seen as the only way to control run-away spending. By ignoring the demand side of the market, we may be foregoing one of the most powerful forces available for cost-control, individual self-interest (Henderson p.149). The most important aspect we need to get control of is the patient factors, which include health status, demographics and economic status. Educating the general public has proven to be an effective way of battling the rising costs of medical care!

The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Example Essay Example

The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Example Paper The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Introduction ‘The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play.is by no means governed solely by what happens on stage. The entire theatre, its audience arrangements, its other public places its physical appearance, even its location in a city, are all important elements of the process by which an audience makes meaning of its experience’. Discuss and analyse Carlson’s statement in relation to at least one of the theatre events you have studied. Marvin Carlson makes a very valid and observant assertion here that I feel is pertinent to the study of theatre as a whole and universal issue. The idea that ‘the entire theatre’, the physical space in which a play is performed affects the audiences understanding of the theatre event, is one which, whilst has ‘remained rather narrowly focused’, ‘has long been generally accepted as a legitimate, indeed, essential part of the historical study of both drama and theatre.’1 In this essay then, I will discuss and analyse this idea (which should not remain ‘rather narrowly focused’) in conjunction with Carlson’s statement, and try to expand upon the issues he raises. In doing so, I will draw upon what I have studied in this module, and how I feel the statement applies to the theatre texts and events I have encountered. The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Body Paragraphs Firstly, I think that to understand Carlson’s belief fully, semiotics must be addresses as they cannot be removed from the issues dealt with in the statement. Semiotics ‘the study of signs – those objects by which humans communicate meaning’2 is imperative if we are to explore how humans make meaning from ‘audience arrangements’ or the theatres ‘physical appearance’, to name only two of the elements from Carlson’s statement. As Charles Pierce puts it, ‘how the audience receives and interprets signs; the semiotics of the entire theatre experience – the ‘appearance of the auditorium, the displays in the lobby, the information in the program, and countless other parts of the event as a whole’; and the iconic relationship of theatre to the life it represents’3 So semiotics is manifest to this investigation, of how ‘the signs’ make meaning. I shall now explore these ‘signsâ€⠄¢ in the statement, and how they contribute to the theatre event as a whole. Carlson first mentions ‘audience arrangements’. The audience’s space and seating undoubtedly affects their overall experience. Who they are sitting beside and how close they are to the sage, whether it is tiered seating or they are made to sit on the floor, even if they are comfortable or not. The theatre’s physical appearance, inside and out, its dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor and colours all make meaning for an audience member. Where the theatre is located, in relation to other buildings, its predominance in that town or city, again affects what someone will take away from their theatre visit. For example, when I had the opportunity of visiting New York for a drama trip with my school, we were fortunate enough to get the chance to see a Broadway show. The fact it was in Broadway, and was so infamous had me very excited about the production of ‘Chicago’ we were going to see. The bright lights of New York along with the stunning buildings and culture left me dazzled. Disappointingly, the show wasn’t as good as expected, however, I wasn’t as disappointed as I would have been had I went to see it in, say, The Odyssey in Belfast, somewhere I have become used to. The city and its glitter had already made meaning for me. As Whitmore says ‘When I go to Broadway I expect to see an expensive, highly professional, commercial production.’4 These issues of the entire theatre and its surroundings are what Whitmore calls ‘framing systems’5, and these ‘framing systems’ can be witnessed throughout history. Hamlet was a play we studied this semester, and in Shakespearean times, going to the theatre involved standing on ‘earth rich in hazelnut shells and apple cores. This was part of their experience, as was the shifting light and shade of a London afternoon.’6 Moreover, theatres in Shakespeare’s time w ere ‘located on the fringes of the city in rather questionable neighborhoods’7 These aspects would have affected the meaning an audience made out of a showing of Hamlet at the time. In Greek theatre, the plays were performed as ‘part of citywide religious festivals honoring the god Dionysus[.]Plays were produced for contests in which playwrights, actors, and choruses competed for prizes and for distinction among their fellow citizens. These contests, held in an outdoor amphitheater adjoining the sacred temple of the god, followed several days of religious parades and sacrifices,’8 Again all these factors would have added to the way a Greek Audience would have experienced and appreciated a play, for instance, a production of Sophocles Oedipus the King or Euripides Medea perhaps. Indeed in Medieval Theatre, audiences viewing a play which took place on a stage in a cart could not help but be affected by their surroundings! These are only three examples which i llustrate just how much the elements Carlson speaks of make meaning in a theatre event, even in these three periods, when semiotic study was unheard of. To come back to the twenty-first century, Lehmann’s idea of ‘postdramatic’ theatre (which suggests we move away from postmodern to a more dramatic and theatrical theatre)9 concurs with Carlson’s statement. This twenty-first century theory involves the audience and actor relationship and explores non-theatrical spaces or site-specific theatre10. A theatre event we encountered during this module which could be described as ‘postdramatic’ was a project called ‘pvi Australia’. This involved an oblivious audience, getting on a bus with no idea what was happening. Their was a man leading the project wearing only a pair of red speedos with his teeth painted red! As well as exploring Lehmann’s postdramatic issue of audience participation, this project looks at the theatre event as a whole. The members of the audience would have been affected majorly by who was there, the physical appearance of the bus, and their surroundings. These elements, which Carlson speaks of in his statement, I argue, make more meaning for the audience than any text or dialogue, as is the nature of this type of project. Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis is a piece of experiential theatre which involves a woman’s inner thoughts and feelings toward her desire to commit suicide. To further develop my argument at this point, I am going to take this as a case study for Carlson’s statement and imagine myself going to see it at a theatre, and how I would make meaning from it (drawing on my own personal experience of many visits to the theatre.) Firstly, depending upon the type of day I’d had I would either be in a very good mood, and feel optimistic about my theatre visit or I would possibly be troubled or tired from a long day. Next, my journey there involving my antici pation, would come into play, who I was with, whether in a car or public transport etc. When I reach the building the location and architecture would strike me and I would either feel positive about it or negative. If it is a derelict building, not that well known, I might expect the drama to be of poor quality, however, if it is a place I’d been many times (such as the Grand Opera House) where I had enjoyed plays before, I would be of the frame of mind I was going to see a good piece of theatre. As Whitmore says ‘Where a performance is located within a city can influence the anticipated meanings of a theater experience [.] I may be completely wrong about these assumptions, but they nonetheless sway my thinking about the event.’11 He goes on to say ‘The exterior architectural features of the theater itself, or the visual aesthetics of an outdoor location, contribute to the signification of a performance event. [.] Not only the size but other aspects of the theatre faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade-how ostentatious it is, whether or not it has a marquee, its color, the graphics-all contribute to the framework of a performance.’ (p. 38). These would all affect my meaning as I absorb them. The next place I would enter would be the lobby and as Whitmore goes on to say on the next page of his ‘Framing Systems’ (39) the ‘posters, models of the set, pictures of the cast, and sketches of costumes[.]help the spectator become aesthetically, intellectually, or emotionally engaged in the production.’ I myself would be looking for these, and if I hadn’t seen the play before would be gathering information from them. In the case of Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis they might offer hints at the deranged mind of the main female character, and I would begin to wonder what was ahead. As I enter my seat I would see who surrounded me, what sorts of people and, even though sub-consciously at times, be taking in their reactions as the dr ama unfolds. So, before I have even seen the piece, all these elements, most of which Carlson mentions in his contention have created meaning for me and affected my overall experience of the event as a whole. Once I had actually observed 4.48 Psychosis, I would either accept it and enjoy it, or dislike the disconcerting tone of it and leave more depressed if the surroundings were dismal also. In conclusion, it is clear that Carlson’s statement is one that definitely applies to the theatre event. Whilst his assertion is definitely an important characteristic of how an audience takes meaning from theatre, I am of the same school of thought as Jon Whitmore when he says: ‘While framing devices do shape the reading of a performance of some, or even many, audience members, these framing devices never govern all spectators. The performance itself will be the final signifier of meaning: frames [.] prepare the spectators and help refine and focus their concentration’12 Ca rlson, however, was undeniably exact when he said audience experience and appreciation ‘is by no means governed solely by what happens on stage.’ His elements are simply aspects of the expansive nature of the theatre and its affect on audience, one which is continually being investigated. We will write a custom essay sample on The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The way an audience experiences and appreciates a play Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer